The approximation theory, Passive Butterworth LP filter design, frequency band transformation and the design of Passive HP, BP and BE Butterworth filters, design of Passive Chebyshev LP, HP, BP and BE filters, design of inverse Chebyshev LP and HP filters, delay equalization, sensitivity analysis, active Filter Design with Operational amplifiers and their finite gain effects, bilinear and biquadratic transfer functions and their RC-op amp realizations, cascade realization of higher-order filters- Leap frog filters, synthetic L and FDNR Simulations.